Penal Code 118 is a criminal offense in the state of California that refers to the crime of perjury. Perjury is the act of intentionally lying or making false statements while under oath or during a legal proceeding. It is a serious crime that can carry significant consequences, including imprisonment and fines.
Under Penal Code 118, it is a crime to knowingly and willingly make a false statement while under oath or while affirming to tell the truth in a legal proceeding. This includes making false statements in court, during a deposition, or while signing a legal document such as an affidavit. It is also a crime to encourage someone else to commit perjury or to otherwise obstruct justice by lying or withholding information.
Penal Code 118 applies to both written and oral statements that are made under oath or affirmation. This means that even if a person does not physically swear on a Bible or other religious text, their statements can still be considered perjury if they are made with the intention of being taken as the truth.
Perjury is a serious crime because it undermines the integrity of the legal system. When people lie under oath, it can create confusion and uncertainty in legal proceedings, making it difficult for judges and juries to make fair and just decisions. It can also lead to the wrongful conviction of innocent people if false testimony is used to support a guilty verdict.
Criminal charges for perjury can be filed by the prosecutor or by the person who was the victim of the perjury. In order to prove that a person has committed perjury, the prosecutor must show that the person made a false statement while under oath or affirmation, that they knew the statement was false, and that they made the statement with the intention of misleading or deceiving others.
Penalties for perjury in California can vary depending on the circumstances of the case. In general, perjury is a felony offense that can carry a sentence of up to four years in prison and significant fines. However, the specific penalties will depend on the severity of the crime and the presence of any mitigating or aggravating factors.
In conclusion, Penal Code 118 is a criminal offense in California that refers to the crime of perjury. It is a serious offense that can carry significant consequences, including imprisonment and fines. It is important for individuals to be truthful and honest while under oath or during a legal proceeding in order to maintain the integrity of the legal system and ensure fair and just decisions are made.