A microhematocrit is a laboratory test used to measure the volume of red blood cells in a sample of blood. It is commonly used to diagnose anemia, which is a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count. The test is performed by spinning a small sample of blood in a special tube called a hematocrit tube, which separates the red blood cells from the other components of the blood, such as plasma and white blood cells.
The test is performed by taking a small sample of blood from a patient, usually by drawing it from a vein in the arm. The sample is then placed in a hematocrit tube, which is a thin, vertical tube with a graduated scale on the side. The tube is then placed in a centrifuge, a machine that spins the tube at high speeds to separate the blood cells based on their weight.
The red blood cells are denser than the other components of the blood, so they are pushed to the bottom of the tube by the centrifuge. The volume of the red blood cells is then measured by reading the scale on the side of the tube. This measurement is expressed as a percentage, known as the hematocrit value.
The hematocrit value is used to diagnose anemia, as well as other conditions related to the production, destruction, or loss of red blood cells. For example, a low hematocrit value may indicate anemia, while a high hematocrit value may indicate dehydration or a condition called polycythemia, in which the body produces too many red blood cells.
The microhematocrit test is a simple and reliable way to measure the volume of red blood cells in the blood. It is commonly used in conjunction with other tests, such as a complete blood count, to diagnose and monitor a variety of medical conditions.