ERCP stands for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedure that combines the use of an endoscope and X-ray imaging to visualize the bile ducts, pancreas ducts, and gallbladder. The procedure is typically performed by a specialist in gastroenterology or a surgeon.
During an ERCP, a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is inserted through the mouth and passed down the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). The endoscope has a light and a camera on the tip, which allows the doctor to see the inside of the digestive system on a monitor. The endoscope also has a channel through which small instruments can be passed.
Once the endoscope is in place, the doctor injects a dye into the bile ducts, pancreas ducts, or gallbladder through the endoscope. The dye shows up on X-ray images, which allows the doctor to see the ducts and identify any abnormalities, such as blockages, inflammation, or tumours.
In addition to diagnostic purposes, ERCP can also be used to treat certain conditions. For example, if a blockage is found in the bile ducts, the doctor can use the endoscope to remove it or insert a stent (a small metal or plastic tube) to keep the duct open. ERCP can also be used to remove stones from the gallbladder or to biopsy (take a small sample of) tissue for further testing.
ERCP is generally a safe procedure, but like any medical procedure, it carries some risks. Complications may include infection, bleeding, or damage to the digestive system. In rare cases, the procedure may cause a tear in the ducts or perforation (hole) in the wall of the intestine.
Overall, ERCP is a valuable tool for diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the bile ducts, pancreas ducts, and gallbladder. It allows doctors to obtain important information about the digestive system and to take action to address any problems that are found.