The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was a complex and advanced civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley in present-day Pakistan and northwest India from about 2500 BCE to 1900 BCE. It is considered one of the world's earliest urban civilizations and is renowned for its sophisticated city planning, advanced drainage systems, and extensive trade networks. However, the Indus Valley Civilization eventually declined and was eventually abandoned.
There are several theories about the reasons for the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization. One theory is that the civilization was affected by a series of natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, and earthquakes, which disrupted the society and weakened its infrastructure. Another theory is that the Indus Valley Civilization was subjected to invasions and conflicts with other civilizations, which may have caused significant damage and destabilization.
Another theory is that the Indus Valley Civilization may have declined due to changes in the climate and environment. The Indus Valley region is known for its monsoon climate, which is characterized by heavy rainfall during certain times of the year. However, there is evidence to suggest that the climate in the region changed significantly around 1900 BCE, leading to a decrease in rainfall and an increase in aridity. This may have had a negative impact on the agriculture and water supply of the Indus Valley Civilization, leading to a decline in population and economic prosperity.
There is also evidence that the Indus Valley Civilization may have declined due to internal problems and conflicts. The Indus Valley Civilization was a complex society with a highly organized bureaucracy, but there is evidence to suggest that it was also marked by social inequalities and conflicts. Some scholars believe that these internal conflicts may have contributed to the decline of the civilization.
In conclusion, the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization is a complex and multifaceted process that likely involved a combination of natural disasters, invasions, environmental changes, and internal conflicts. Despite its eventual decline, the Indus Valley Civilization remains an important and influential part of human history and serves as a reminder of the resilience and ingenuity of early human societies.
Decline of the Indus River Valley Civilization (c. 3300
Many of the Post-Urban settlements seem to have been abandoned, and traces are found of temporary settlements that were probably associated with nomadic pastoral groups and distinguished by the poverty of their material culture. Lots of historians think it was a mixture of different reasons. There is a slope to the main drainage area which makes it easy to release the water. The Egyptians often constructed their cities close to the Nile as it provided irrigation for farming, fishing, and a rich supply of bathing and drinking water. Fuller of University College, London. Vijayanagar empire includes the Sangama Dynasty, Saluva Dynasty, Tuluva Dynasty and the Aravidu Dynasty.
What happened to the Indus civilisation?
India still continues to produce and export cotton. This can be easily seen in the streets of the urban areas where the houses are built in more or less grid like pattern, which is the important and the central characteristic of the Indus Valley civilisation. They could not produce agricultural surpluses to support large cities. It is said that weights discovered from these sites have shown remarkable accuracy. When archaeologists attempted to investigate the civilization, one key aspect that was never resolved was its mysterious disappearance. Due to these natural causes, there was a slow but inevitable collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization. There was a good agricultural system that allowed the cultivation of wheat, rye, and vegetables.
Revealed: The Truth Behind the Indus Valley Civilizationās āCollapseā
This led to the creation of the Indo-Aryan culture. As the river system weakened they were not able to trade as easily with the other civilizations. Tectonic Phenomena Theory This theory is formulated for the cause to illustrate the water deposited coverings confronted at the Mohenjo-Daro city area. Urbanism flourished in the western region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain for approximately 600 y, but since approximately 3,900 y ago, the total settled area and settlement sizes declined, many sites were abandoned, and a significant shift in site numbers and density towards the east is recorded. Earlier some western historians denoted the Vedic people were barbarous and they devastated the earlier civilisation and built up their own. This theory would explain the dearth of physical signs of any The late 2nd millennium and the reemergence of urbanism Toward the end of the 2nd millennium there appears to have been a further deterioration in the environment throughout the Indus system.
How did the Indus Valley civilization decline?
However, physical geography can also have negative effects, like the scenario above, droughts, and other natural disasters. Such major climatic changes created the devastating effect in economy and in the social life. What were they scared of? The settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization spread through what is now all of Pakistan, sections of Afghanistan, and some parts of India. It is believed that at the same time, the Ghagger Hakra River another river in the area dried up. The emphasis on providing water for bathing suggests that they were very particular about personal hygiene.
Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization
While the tectonic changes caused the creation of a dam in the lower Indus, that created the frequent floods and disaster in the fertile the plains of the coastal part of Indus. Various scholars later contradicted this theory by stating that it could be skeletons of remains of hasty burials. Winter monsoon winds bring nutrients to the surface of the sea, leading to a surge in plant and animal life. Once agricultural production declined the influence of the cities declined and eventually the region went into a state of anarchy. These include Balochistan, According to the paper in Nature, many of these early Harappan sites flourished on the Ghaggar-Hakra mythical Saraswati River, which flowed from the Himalayas through what is today the Thar Desert of Rajasthan in India into the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat; these areas contain low populations today. Many Rural Decline in Indus Valley Civilisation The main livelihood of the inhabitants of Indus valley is agriculture. The first eight categories that describe how past societies damaged their environments are deforestation, soil problems, water management problems, over hunting, over fishing, effects of introduced species, human population growth and increased percapita impact of people.
