Biological molecules test. Biological Molecule Tests (2.1.1) 2022-12-19

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Biological molecules are the building blocks of life, and they play a vital role in the functioning of living organisms. These molecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The study of biological molecules is a fundamental aspect of biology and is essential for understanding how living things work.

Carbohydrates are a type of molecule that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They can be simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose, or they can be complex polysaccharides, such as starch and cellulose. Carbohydrates serve as a source of energy for the body and are found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, and grains.

Lipids are a group of biological molecules that are characterized by their insolubility in water. They include fats, oils, and waxes, and they play a crucial role in the structure and function of cell membranes. Lipids are also important sources of energy for the body and are stored in the form of fat tissue.

Proteins are complex molecules that are composed of long chains of amino acids. They are essential for the structure and function of all living cells and perform a wide range of tasks, including catalyzing chemical reactions, transporting molecules, and regulating cell processes. There are many different types of proteins, and they are important for maintaining the overall health of an organism.

Nucleic acids are molecules that store and transmit genetic information. The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA is the genetic material that is passed down from one generation to the next and is found in the nucleus of cells. RNA is involved in the synthesis of proteins and is found in the cytoplasm of cells.

To test for the presence of these biological molecules, scientists use a variety of techniques, including spectroscopy, chromatography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). These techniques allow scientists to identify and quantify the presence of specific molecules, which can provide valuable information about the function and health of living systems.

In conclusion, biological molecules are essential for the functioning of living organisms and play a vital role in maintaining the overall health and well-being of living things. The study of these molecules is an important aspect of biology and is essential for understanding how living systems work.

Biological molecules TEST Flashcards

biological molecules test

Waxes are made up of a hydrocarbon chain with an alcohol —OH group and a fatty acid. The chain may be branched or unbranched, and it may contain different types of monosaccharides. Biological macromolecules are organic, meaning that they contain carbon with some exceptions, like carbon dioxide. If a person inherits two X chromosomes, one from each parent, that person will develop into a female. The double bonds in the unsaturated fatty acids of oils produce kinks in the fatty acid chains. Lipids are a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and hydrophobic in nature. The specific amino acid sequences cause polypeptides to assume simple repeating secondary structures.

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Biological Molecules

biological molecules test

If they were as large as a multicellular organism, their surface area to volume ratio would be too low to support life. Fats serve as long-term energy storage. When hybridization occurs, the offspring are typically sterile. Hydrophobic lipids in the fur of aquatic mammals, such as this river otter, protect them from the elements. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids. Honey bees live in a colony with a division of labor. What is this process called? Examples of steroids include cholesterol, estrogen, and testosterone.

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Online MCQs Test of CH#2: Biological Molecules Class 11(Biology)

biological molecules test

Each type of steroid is different in the type of chemically active functional groups that it contains. Common disaccharides include lactose, maltose, and sucrose. It is composed of two strands, or polymers, of nucleotides. Photosynthesis is the process plant cells use to convert oxygen, water and sunlight into a usable form of energy. Consequently, they must be supplemented through the diet.

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Biological molecules

biological molecules test

EVOLUTION IN ACTION The Evolutionary Significance of Cytochrome c Cytochrome c is an important component of the molecular machinery that harvests energy from glucose. Protein Structure As discussed earlier, the shape of a protein is critical to its function. Having a large surface area provides more space for molecules to diffuse across the cell membrane and less of a distance to travel inside the cell to supply organelles with materials needed for metabolism. The nitrogenous bases are stacked in the interior, like the steps of a staircase, and these bases pair; the pairs are bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. Cholesterol is a steroid. For example, palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid, is derived from the palm tree. Protozoa include flagellates, ciliates, amoeba and sporozoans.

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Biological molecules Flashcards

biological molecules test

When you have completed the practice exam, a green submit button will appear. Margarine, some types of peanut butter, and shortening are examples of artificially hydrogenated trans-fats. Although the exact structure of most proteins has not yet been determined, some experts now estimate that one third of all human proteins are disordered or include disordered segments the exact position and number of amino acids bearing specific R groups. Protein shape is critical to its function. The polymer of deoxyribose nucleotides called deoxyribonucleic acid DNA is found in the chromosomes of all cells can contain millions of nucleotides. Those who pursue careers in dietetics take courses in nutrition, chemistry, biochemistry, biology, microbiology, and human physiology.

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Biological Molecules Test Flashcards

biological molecules test

The former types of interactions are also known as hydrophobic interactions. Proteins Protein is used for the growth and repair of cells and can be used as a source of energy if carbohydrate and fat reserves are low. Cholesterol is the precursor of bile salts, which help in the breakdown of fats and their subsequent absorption by cells. Why is the structure of a protein so important? The three fatty acids in the fat may be similar or dissimilar. Denaturation is often reversible because the primary structure is preserved if the denaturing agent is removed, allowing the protein to resume its function. Like fats, they are composed of fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol or similar backbone. Cholesterol is mainly synthesized in the liver and is the precursor of many steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol.

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1.3: Biological Molecules

biological molecules test

Larger cells have less surface area compared to their volume. Folding patterns resulting from interactions between the non-R group portions of amino acids give rise to the secondary structure of the protein. The cell membrane is selectively permeable or semipermeable , which means that certain molecules, such as oxygen and water, are permitted to enter the cell. In most living species, glucose is an important source of energy. Put the tube in the water and heat for 3 minutes. Omega-3 fatty acids fall into this category and are one of only two known essential fatty acids for humans the other being omega-6 fatty acids. DNA is made of two strands of nucleotides basic units of DNA.

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4.1 Biological Molecules

biological molecules test

These sequences are known as metabolic pathways. Fats and oils are triglycerides, composing of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids. In theory, these organisms will not only survive, but will also reproduce. Carbohydrates provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar. Amino acids are made up of a central carbon bonded to an amino group —NH2 , a carboxyl group —COOH , and a hydrogen atom. This energy is then available to drive energy demanding reactions such as linking amino acids to form proteins single nucleotides monomers may be strung together in long chains by dehydration synthesis, forming polymers called nucleic acids. The amino acid sequence of each protein is specified by genetic instructions in a cell's DNA.

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Biological molecules test Flashcards

biological molecules test

Fats are saturated and have lots of H. Animals and plants are all multicellular. In a fat molecule, a fatty acid is attached to each of the three oxygen atoms in the —OH groups of the glycerol molecule with a covalent bond Figure 6. The unique three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide is known as its tertiary structure. Therefore, a mutation that changes the identity of one of these amino acids will not significantly alter the protein's function, as long as the substituted amino acid is also hydrophilic. During this process, the hydroxyl group —OH of one monosaccharide combines with a hydrogen atom of another monosaccharide, releasing a molecule of water H 2O and forming a covalent bond between atoms in the two sugar molecules.

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Biomolecules

biological molecules test

Some fatty acids have common names that specify their origin. Organisms that lack the characteristics to survive will die before reproducing, and therefore, not pass on the less desirable characteristics. Carbohydrates are, in fact, an essential part of our diet; grains, fruits, and vegetables are all natural sources of carbohydrates. It is a key component of the plasma membranes of animal cells. At this level, structures called alpha-helices and beta-sheets are visible.

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